Internet Access Rates in Urban Areas, Rural Areas, and the National Average, 2000–2024Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the percentage of households with internet access in urban areas, rural areas, and the national average between 2000 and 2024.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Internet Access Rates in Urban Areas, Rural Areas, and the National Average, 2000–2024 (%)
| | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | 2024 |
| Urban | 22 | 38 | 54 | 67 | 78 | 86 | 93 |
| Rural | 5 | 11 | 20 | 34 | 48 | 62 | 75 |
| National Average | 14 | 25 | 38 | 51 | 64 | 75 | 85 |
(Practice data)
Annual Rail Passenger Journeys in Three European Cities, 1995–2020Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the number of annual rail passenger journeys in millions in three European cities between 1995 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Annual Rail Passenger Journeys in Three European Cities, 1995–2020 (millions)
| | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| City A | 120 | 145 | 170 | 210 | 260 | 230 |
| City B | 80 | 95 | 115 | 140 | 165 | 180 |
| City C | 200 | 195 | 185 | 170 | 150 | 135 |
(Practice data)
Electricity Generated from Renewable Sources in Four Regions, 2005–2025Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the amount of electricity generated from renewable sources in four regions between 2005 and 2025.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Electricity Generated from Renewable Sources in Four Regions, 2005–2025 (terawatt-hours)
| | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 | 2025 |
| North America | 310 | 420 | 580 | 750 | 940 |
| Europe | 280 | 410 | 620 | 800 | 970 |
| Asia-Pacific | 150 | 280 | 520 | 890 | 1350 |
| Latin America | 95 | 130 | 180 | 240 | 310 |
(Practice data)
Graduate Employment Rates by Subject in a National University System, 2010–2022Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the employment rates of graduates in four subject areas in a national university system between 2010 and 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Graduate Employment Rates by Subject in a National University System, 2010–2022 (%)
| | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 | 2018 | 2020 | 2022 |
| Engineering | 88 | 87 | 90 | 92 | 94 | 85 | 91 |
| Business | 82 | 80 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 78 | 84 |
| Arts & Humanities | 65 | 63 | 64 | 66 | 68 | 58 | 63 |
| Healthcare | 91 | 93 | 94 | 96 | 97 | 93 | 96 |
(Practice data)
Average Annual PM2.5 Concentrations in Three Asian Cities, 2008–2023Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the average annual PM2.5 concentrations in three Asian cities between 2008 and 2023.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average Annual PM2.5 Concentrations in Three Asian Cities, 2008–2023 (micrograms per cubic metre)
| | 2008 | 2011 | 2014 | 2017 | 2020 | 2023 |
| City X | 95 | 110 | 118 | 105 | 88 | 72 |
| City Y | 60 | 65 | 70 | 62 | 50 | 41 |
| City Z | 40 | 44 | 48 | 43 | 36 | 30 |
(Practice data)
Average Household Expenditure on Four Categories in a Developed Country, 2000–2020Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the average household expenditure on four categories in a developed country between 2000 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average Household Expenditure on Four Categories in a Developed Country, 2000–2020 (US$ billions)
| | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| Housing | 4.2 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6 |
| Food & Drink | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
| Recreation | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.4 |
| Healthcare | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.1 |
(Practice data)
International Student Enrolment by Subject Area in Two Universities, 2015 and 2022Task 1 Academic
The table below shows the number of international students enrolled in four subject areas at two universities in 2015 and 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: International Student Enrolment by Subject Area in Two Universities, 2015 and 2022 (number of students)
| | Business | Engineering | Natural Sciences | Social Sciences |
| University A – 2015 | 1850 | 1420 | 860 | 740 |
| University A – 2022 | 2300 | 1980 | 1050 | 920 |
| University B – 2015 | 980 | 1650 | 720 | 510 |
| University B – 2022 | 1240 | 2180 | 890 | 680 |
(Practice data)
Hospital Bed Occupancy Rates (%) by Department Across Four CountriesTask 1 Academic
The table below shows hospital bed occupancy rates (%) by department across four countries.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Hospital Bed Occupancy Rates (%) by Department Across Four Countries (%)
| | General Medicine | Surgery | Paediatrics | Intensive Care |
| Country 1 | 78 | 72 | 65 | 88 |
| Country 2 | 85 | 80 | 70 | 92 |
| Country 3 | 68 | 65 | 58 | 82 |
| Country 4 | 91 | 86 | 74 | 95 |
(Practice data)
Average Monthly Visitors to Four National Museums and Cultural Venues in Country X (2015 and 2022)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows the average monthly number of visitors to four national museums and cultural venues in Country X in 2015 and 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average Monthly Visitors to Four National Museums and Cultural Venues in Country X (2015 and 2022) (thousands)
| | Natural History Museum | Science Museum | Art Gallery | Cultural Heritage Centre |
| 2015 | 320 | 275 | 190 | 145 |
| 2022 | 410 | 380 | 155 | 260 |
(Practice data)
Household Water Consumption by Purpose in Five Countries (2020)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows household water consumption by purpose in five countries in 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Household Water Consumption by Purpose in Five Countries (2020) (litres per person per day)
| | Australia | Germany | India | Brazil | Japan |
| Drinking and cooking | 12 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 11 |
| Bathing and sanitation | 55 | 42 | 28 | 38 | 48 |
| Garden and outdoor use | 40 | 18 | 6 | 22 | 14 |
(Practice data)
Percentage of Students Enrolled in Six Selected University Subjects in One Country (2010 and 2020)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows the percentage of students enrolled in six selected university subjects in one country in 2010 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Percentage of Students Enrolled in Six Selected University Subjects in One Country (2010 and 2020) (%)
| | Engineering | Business | Arts & Humanities | Computer Science | Medicine | Social Sciences |
| 2010 | 18 | 22 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
| 2020 | 15 | 19 | 10 | 22 | 13 | 11 |
(Practice data)
Carbon Emissions by Mode of Transport in Two Cities (2019)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows carbon emissions by mode of transport in two cities in 2019.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Carbon Emissions by Mode of Transport in Two Cities (2019) (million tonnes CO₂)
| | Private car | Bus | Metro/subway | Motorcycle | Rail |
| City A | 4.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| City B | 3.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
(Practice data)
Food Waste Generated by Sector in Three Regions (2021)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows the amount of food waste generated by sector in three regions (North America, Western Europe, and Southeast Asia) in 2021.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Food Waste Generated by Sector in Three Regions (2021) (million tonnes)
| | Households | Retail | Food service | Manufacturing | Agriculture |
| North America | 38 | 14 | 22 | 18 | 11 |
| Western Europe | 28 | 10 | 16 | 14 | 8 |
| Southeast Asia | 22 | 6 | 10 | 9 | 20 |
(Practice data)
Gym Membership Rates Among Age Groups in One Country (2012, 2017 and 2022)Task 1 Academic
The bar chart below shows gym membership rates among different age groups in one country in 2012, 2017 and 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Gym Membership Rates Among Age Groups in One Country (2012, 2017 and 2022) (%)
| | 18–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 |
| 2012 | 28 | 24 | 18 | 12 | 6 |
| 2017 | 34 | 31 | 22 | 16 | 10 |
| 2022 | 38 | 40 | 30 | 22 | 18 |
(Practice data)
Average Annual Household Energy Costs by Dwelling Type and Region (2023)Task 1 Academic
The table below shows average annual household energy costs (in US$) for five dwelling types across four regions in one country in 2023.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average Annual Household Energy Costs by Dwelling Type and Region (2023) (US$)
| | Detached house | Semi-detached house | Terraced house | Apartment | Studio flat |
| Northern Region | 2850 | 2200 | 1940 | 1350 | 920 |
| Central Region | 2540 | 1980 | 1720 | 1180 | 800 |
| Southern Region | 2100 | 1650 | 1480 | 980 | 680 |
| Capital City | 2400 | 1900 | 1700 | 1450 | 1050 |
(Practice data)
Average Annual Employee Training Hours by Industry and Company Size (2022)Task 1 Academic
The table below shows the average annual number of training hours per employee in six industries, by company size, in 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average Annual Employee Training Hours by Industry and Company Size (2022) (hours per employee)
| | Finance | Healthcare | Manufacturing | Retail | Technology | Construction |
| Small (1–49 staff) | 18 | 22 | 15 | 10 | 28 | 12 |
| Medium (50–249 staff) | 30 | 35 | 24 | 16 | 42 | 19 |
| Large (250+ staff) | 48 | 54 | 38 | 26 | 65 | 30 |
(Practice data)
Methods of Household Waste Disposal in Country X, 2023Task 1 Academic
The pie chart below shows the different methods used to dispose of household waste in Country X in 2023.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Methods of Household Waste Disposal in Country X, 2023 (%)
Landfill: 2023 38
Recycling: 2023 27
Composting: 2023 18
Incineration: 2023 12
Other: 2023 5
(Practice data)
Tourist Expenditure by Category in New Zealand, 2015 and 2022Task 1 Academic
The pie charts below show how tourists spent their money across different categories in New Zealand in 2015 and 2022.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Tourist Expenditure by Category in New Zealand, 2015 and 2022 (%)
Accommodation: 2015 30, 2022 26
Food & Drink: 2015 24, 2022 20
Transport: 2015 18, 2022 22
Shopping: 2015 14, 2022 16
Entertainment: 2015 9, 2022 11
Other: 2015 5, 2022 5
(Practice data)
Sources of National Electricity Generation in Germany, 2020Task 1 Academic
The pie chart below shows the proportion of electricity generated from different sources in Germany in 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Sources of National Electricity Generation in Germany, 2020 (%)
Wind: 2020 29
Coal: 2020 22
Natural Gas: 2020 17
Solar: 2020 14
Nuclear: 2020 12
Other: 2020 6
(Practice data)
Main Causes of Deforestation in South America, 2019Task 1 Academic
The pie chart below shows the main causes of deforestation in South America in 2019.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Main Causes of Deforestation in South America, 2019 (%)
Agricultural Expansion: 2019 31
Cattle Ranching: 2019 25
Logging: 2019 20
Infrastructure: 2019 12
Mining: 2019 8
Other: 2019 4
(Practice data)
Sources of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in the UK, 2010 and 2020Task 1 Academic
The pie charts below show the sources of funding for higher education institutions in the United Kingdom in 2010 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Sources of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in the UK, 2010 and 2020 (%)
Government Grants: 2010 42, 2020 24
Tuition Fees: 2010 28, 2020 41
Research Funding: 2010 16, 2020 18
Private Donations: 2010 9, 2020 12
Other: 2010 5, 2020 5
(Practice data)
Childhood Obesity Rates (%) by Age Group in Four Countries, 2021Task 1 Academic
The table below shows the percentage of children classified as obese in five age groups in four countries in 2021.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Childhood Obesity Rates (%) by Age Group in Four Countries, 2021 (%)
| | 5–7 years | 8–10 years | 11–13 years | 14–16 years | 17–18 years |
| USA | 11 | 16 | 22 | 27 | 24 |
| Japan | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 9 |
| Brazil | 8 | 12 | 17 | 21 | 19 |
| Sweden | 5 | 7 | 10 | 13 | 11 |
(Practice data)
Average House Prices in Four Cities, 2000–2020Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows the average house prices in four cities (Sydney, Toronto, Berlin, and Mumbai) between 2000 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: Average House Prices in Four Cities, 2000–2020 (US$ thousands)
| | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| Sydney | 280 | 370 | 430 | 560 | 780 |
| Toronto | 210 | 290 | 350 | 480 | 690 |
| Berlin | 190 | 200 | 210 | 290 | 450 |
| Mumbai | 120 | 160 | 200 | 270 | 320 |
(Practice data)
CO₂ Emissions per Capita in Four Countries, 1990–2020Task 1 Academic
The line graph below shows CO₂ emissions per person, in tonnes, in four countries between 1990 and 2020.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Data: CO₂ Emissions per Capita in Four Countries, 1990–2020 (tonnes)
| | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2020 |
| Australia | 17.2 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 19.1 | 18 | 16.8 | 15.4 |
| China | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 7.5 | 7.8 |
| Germany | 12.8 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 10 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 7.9 |
| India | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.2 |
(Practice data)
EducationOpinion
Some people argue that schools should spend less time on traditional academic subjects and more time teaching practical life skills, such as cooking and managing money. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
TechnologyOpinion
Artificial intelligence tools can now write essays and solve problems for students in seconds. Some people believe this will make young people less able to think for themselves. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
GovernmentOpinion
In some countries, adult citizens are legally required to vote in national elections. Some people think every country should introduce this rule. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
CrimeOpinion
Some people think that young people who commit minor crimes should do unpaid work in the community instead of being sent to prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
HealthOpinion
Some people believe that governments should place a high tax on sugary drinks and unhealthy snacks in order to improve public health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
CultureOpinion
Some people say that traditional festivals have lost their true meaning because they have become too focused on shopping and spending money. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
EducationBoth views
Some people believe that university education should be free for every student, while others argue that students should pay for their own tuition. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
WorkBoth views
Some people think it is best to stay with the same employer for many years, while others believe that changing jobs regularly is better for a person's career. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
TransportBoth views
Some people say that the best way to reduce traffic congestion is to build more and wider roads. Others believe that governments should invest in public transport instead. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
MediaBoth views
Some people think that news programmes and websites should report more positive stories, while others believe their main job is to inform people about problems and dangers. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FamilyBoth views
Some people believe that adult children should look after their elderly parents in their own homes, while others think that professional care homes are a better option. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
GlobalisationBoth views
Some people think that the spread of English as a global language is helpful for international communication, while others worry that it threatens local languages and cultures. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
WorkAdv / disadv
Many companies now allow their employees to work from home for part of the working week. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
TechnologyAdv / disadv
In many countries, people now pay for most goods and services with cards and smartphones, and cash is used less and less. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
GlobalisationAdv / disadv
Large international companies are increasingly opening factories and offices in developing countries. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
CitiesAdv / disadv
In many cities, older buildings are being knocked down and replaced with modern high-rise towers. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
SocietyAdv / disadv
In many countries, people are choosing to have children later in life than in the past. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
EducationAdv / disadv
More and more students are choosing to take courses online instead of attending classes in person. Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?
EnvironmentProblem / solution
The amount of plastic waste produced around the world is increasing every year. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
HealthProblem / solution
In many countries, more and more young adults report high levels of stress and anxiety. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
CitiesProblem / solution
In many large cities, the cost of buying or renting a home has risen so much that young people cannot afford to live there. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
CrimeProblem / solution
The number of people who become victims of online fraud, such as fake shopping websites and dishonest emails, is rising. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
MediaProblem / solution
False and misleading information often spreads very quickly on social media. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
SocietyProblem / solution
In many modern cities, people hardly know their neighbours and there is little sense of community. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
EnvironmentTwo-part
Many people now buy new clothes very often and throw them away after wearing them only a few times. Why do people do this? What effects does this have on the environment?
TechnologyTwo-part
Children today spend many hours a day looking at screens, such as phones, tablets and computers. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?
WorkTwo-part
In many countries, people are working longer hours than they did in the past. Why is this happening? Is this a positive or negative development?
TransportTwo-part
In some cities, more people are choosing to travel by bicycle or electric scooter rather than by car. Why is this happening? Is it a positive or negative development?
CultureTwo-part
Many young people today know more about international celebrities than about the history of their own country. Why is this? What can be done to increase young people's interest in their national history?
GovernmentTwo-part
Many governments spend very large amounts of money to host international sporting events, such as the Olympic Games or the football World Cup. Why do governments do this? Do you think it is a good use of public money?
TourismOpinion★ Exam-style
Some people argue that wildlife tourism, such as visiting safari parks and marine sanctuaries, helps to protect endangered species. Others believe it causes more harm than good to animals and their habitats. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
TechnologyOpinion★ Exam-style
Some people believe that parents should closely monitor everything their children do on the internet, including reading their private messages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
ScienceOpinion★ Exam-style
Some people think that governments should stop spending money on space exploration and instead use those funds to solve problems on Earth, such as poverty and pollution. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
TransportOpinion★ Exam-style
Some city authorities have proposed banning all private vehicles from city centres to reduce pollution and improve quality of life. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
SportOpinion★ Exam-style
Professional athletes are often seen as role models by young people. Some people believe that athletes have a responsibility to set a good example both on and off the field. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
GlobalisationOpinion★ Exam-style
Some economists suggest that having a single global currency would simplify international trade and benefit everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
CultureBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people think that zoos play an important educational role and help protect endangered species, while others believe that keeping animals in captivity is cruel and outdated. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
FamilyBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people believe that children benefit from strict rules and discipline at home, while others think a more relaxed approach to parenting produces happier and more confident children. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
EnvironmentBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people think that protecting the environment is mainly the responsibility of governments, while others argue that individuals must take action in their own daily lives. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
EducationBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people believe that printed textbooks will always be essential for effective learning, while others think that digital materials have made physical books unnecessary in education. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
WorkBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people think that a worker's salary should be based mainly on their level of education and qualifications, while others believe that practical experience and job performance are more important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
MediaBoth views★ Exam-style
Some people think that all advertising aimed at children should be banned, while others argue that advertising helps children learn about available products and develop consumer awareness. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
TourismAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
Many historic cities and cultural sites now attract millions of tourists every year. Do the advantages of mass tourism for these places outweigh the disadvantages?
ScienceAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
Scientists are increasingly using genetic modification to produce crops that grow faster and resist disease. Do the advantages of genetically modified food outweigh the disadvantages?
EducationAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
In some countries, children are required to start learning a foreign language from the age of five or six. Do the advantages of this policy outweigh the disadvantages?
CrimeAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
Governments in many countries are installing surveillance cameras in almost every public area to reduce crime. Do the advantages of widespread public surveillance outweigh the disadvantages?
WorkAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
A growing number of people now work as freelancers or in short-term contracts rather than in permanent employment. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
SocietyAdv / disadv★ Exam-style
Social media platforms are increasingly being used to organise political campaigns and encourage citizens to participate in politics. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?
CitiesProblem / solution★ Exam-style
In many towns and cities, small local shops are closing because people prefer to buy from large supermarkets and online retailers. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
HealthProblem / solution★ Exam-style
Many children in developed countries do not get enough physical exercise, leading to rising rates of childhood obesity. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
GlobalisationProblem / solution★ Exam-style
Many highly skilled professionals, such as doctors and engineers, leave developing countries to work in wealthier nations. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
EnvironmentProblem / solution★ Exam-style
In many parts of the world, bee populations are declining rapidly, which threatens food production and natural ecosystems. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
FamilyProblem / solution★ Exam-style
In many countries, a growing number of elderly people live alone and experience loneliness and social isolation. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
WorkProblem / solution★ Exam-style
In some countries, many university graduates struggle to find employment for months or even years after completing their studies. What are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
CultureTwo-part★ Exam-style
In many countries, traditional crafts and skills, such as pottery and weaving, are gradually disappearing. Why is this happening? What could be done to preserve these traditional skills?
HealthTwo-part★ Exam-style
In many countries, people are eating less home-cooked food and relying more on takeaway meals and restaurant food. Why is this the case? What effects does this have on individuals and families?
TransportTwo-part★ Exam-style
The number of privately owned cars in developing countries is growing rapidly. Why is this happening? Is this a positive or negative development?
MediaTwo-part★ Exam-style
Fewer people today read newspapers or watch television news programmes to stay informed about current events. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative development?
CultureTwo-part★ Exam-style
Many minority languages around the world are at risk of disappearing completely within the next few decades. Why is this happening? What are the consequences of losing a language?
SocietyTwo-part★ Exam-style
Many people today measure their success and happiness by the number of possessions they own. Why has this attitude become so common? Do you think material wealth leads to a happier life?
consumer complaintFormal letter
You recently purchased a household appliance from a large electronics retailer, but it stopped working correctly within a week of use. Write a letter to the store's customer service department. In your letter
- describe the appliance you purchased and the problem you have experienced
- explain how this has affected you
- state what action you would like the company to take
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
grant applicationFormal letter
Your local community group wants to organise a public event and needs financial support. Write a letter to a regional council grants committee. In your letter
- describe your community group and the event you are planning
- explain why the event would benefit the local area
- outline how you would use the grant money
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
medical recordsFormal letter
You are moving to a different city and need your medical records transferred to a new doctor's practice. Write a letter to the administration office of your current medical centre. In your letter
- explain why you need your records transferred
- provide the relevant details of your new doctor's practice
- ask about any procedures or forms required to complete the transfer
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
noise complaintFormal letter
A construction project near your home has been causing severe noise and disruption during unreasonable hours. Write a letter to the local council's planning and development office. In your letter
- describe the situation and the disruption it is causing you
- explain how it is affecting your daily life and health
- request that the council take specific steps to resolve the problem
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
library servicesFormal letter
You have recently moved to a new town and would like to become a member of the main public library, which offers special research resources for professionals. Write a letter to the head librarian. In your letter
- introduce yourself and explain your reasons for wanting to join
- describe the specific resources or services you hope to use
- ask about the membership requirements and application process
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
billing disputeFormal letter
You have received a utility bill that contains charges you believe are incorrect and significantly higher than usual. Write a letter to the billing department of the utility company. In your letter
- explain the details of the bill and identify the errors you have noticed
- describe the steps you have already taken to resolve the issue
- state clearly what you expect the company to do to correct the situation
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
workplace safetyFormal letter
You are concerned about a number of safety hazards at your workplace that have not been addressed by your employer. Write a letter to the national workplace health and safety authority. In your letter
- describe the specific safety hazards you have observed
- explain why your employer has failed to deal with them
- request that the authority conduct a formal inspection of the premises
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
scholarship applicationFormal letter
You are a university student who wishes to apply for a scholarship offered by a professional industry association to support students in your field of study. Write a letter to the scholarship selection committee. In your letter
- introduce yourself and describe your academic background and achievements
- explain why you are applying for this particular scholarship
- outline your future career goals and how the scholarship would help you achieve them
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
parking arrangementSemi-formal letter
You and your neighbour both have assigned parking spaces in your residential building. You would like to swap spaces temporarily due to a personal reason.
Write a letter to your neighbour. In your letter
- explain why you need to swap parking spaces
- describe how long you need the arrangement to last
- suggest how your neighbour might benefit from agreeing
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Johnson,
property damageSemi-formal letter
A section of the fence around the garden of your rented home has been damaged by a recent storm. You want your landlord to arrange repairs.
Write a letter to your landlord. In your letter
- describe the damage and when it occurred
- explain why the repair is urgent
- request a timeline for when the work will be completed
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Davies,
flexible workSemi-formal letter
You have recently had a change in your personal circumstances and would like to adjust your working hours at your current job.
Write a letter to your manager. In your letter
- explain the change in your circumstances
- describe the new working arrangement you are requesting
- assure your manager that your work performance will not be affected
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Chen,
extension requestSemi-formal letter
You are a student and you are finding it difficult to complete an important assignment by the given deadline due to unexpected personal difficulties.
Write a letter to your teacher. In your letter
- explain the personal difficulties you are experiencing
- say how much extra time you are requesting
- describe what you will do to ensure the work is of a good standard
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Patel,
garden maintenanceSemi-formal letter
Your neighbour's garden has become very overgrown and is beginning to affect your own property by blocking light and allowing pests to enter.
Write a letter to your neighbour. In your letter
- describe the problem and how it is affecting you
- suggest what action your neighbour could take
- propose a way you could help or cooperate to resolve the issue
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Wilson,
subletting permissionSemi-formal letter
You need to sublet your rented apartment to a friend for two months while you are away for work. You need to get permission from your landlord first.
Write a letter to your landlord. In your letter
- explain why you need to sublet the apartment
- provide information about the person who would be staying
- ask for confirmation of your landlord's agreement
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Nguyen,
reference requestSemi-formal letter
You are applying for a new job and need a reference from your current manager, who has supervised your work for several years.
Write a letter to your manager. In your letter
- explain the job you are applying for and why you want it
- describe the skills and qualities you would like highlighted in the reference
- provide details of when the reference is needed
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Okafor,
academic feedbackSemi-formal letter
You recently completed a course taught by one of your teachers and would like to receive detailed feedback on your overall performance to help you improve.
Write a letter to your teacher. In your letter
- explain why you are requesting detailed feedback
- ask specific questions about areas where you could improve
- mention how you plan to use the feedback in the future
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Mr/Ms Hernandez,
wedding invitationInformal letter
You are getting married soon and would like your childhood friend, who lives in another city, to attend your wedding.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- tell your friend about your upcoming wedding and share your excitement
- give details about the date, location, and any travel arrangements they might need
- explain why it is important to you that they attend
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
travel recommendationInformal letter
You recently visited a place that you enjoyed very much and think your cousin would love it too.
Write a letter to your cousin. In your letter
- describe the place you visited and what made it special
- suggest some specific activities or sights your cousin should not miss
- explain how your cousin can plan the trip and offer to help
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
apologyInformal letter
You forgot your close friend's birthday last month and did not get in touch on the day. You want to apologise.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- apologise sincerely and explain why you forgot
- describe how you feel about having missed such an important occasion
- suggest something you would like to do to make it up to them
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
career updateInformal letter
You have recently started a new job in a different city and want to share the news with an old friend.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- tell your friend about your new job and the city you have moved to
- describe how you are finding the experience so far, including any challenges
- invite your friend to come and visit you in your new home
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
pet careInformal letter
You are going on a trip for two weeks and need someone to look after your pet while you are away.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- explain your situation and ask if your friend would be willing to help
- describe your pet and give details about its daily care routine
- tell your friend how you will show your appreciation for their help
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
family newsInformal letter
You have recently had a baby and want to share the happy news with a close relative who lives abroad.
Write a letter to your relative. In your letter
- share the exciting news and describe the new arrival
- explain how the rest of the family has reacted to the news
- invite your relative to visit and meet the baby when possible
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
hobbiesInformal letter
You recently joined a local hobby club and are enjoying it very much. You think your friend would benefit from joining too.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- describe the club you have joined and what activities it involves
- explain what you personally enjoy about being a member
- encourage your friend to sign up and offer to accompany them to their first session
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],
moving houseInformal letter
You are moving to a new home next weekend and would like your friend to help you on that day.
Write a letter to your friend. In your letter
- explain that you are moving and ask if they are free to help you on the day
- describe what kind of help you will need and how long it is likely to take
- tell your friend how you plan to thank them for their assistance
Write at least 150 words.
You do NOT need to write any addresses at the top of your letter.
Begin your letter as follows:
Dear [first name],